IB-2004-E  (February 2004)
Author: Barry W Poulson

PDF of full Issue Paper
Scribd version of full Issue Paper

Executive Summary:
Tax and spending limits (TELs) are budgetary rules that determine how much taxes and/or expenditures can increase from one year to the next. TELs can be statutory or constitutional rules. Statutory TELs can be modified by legislative action, while constitutional TELs can only be modified by a majority vote of citizens. TELs may originate through a legislative statute or referendum, or they may be initiated by citizens in states that provide for this form of direct democracy. TELs are now in place in 26 states.