Niccolo Machiavelli

circa 1500: Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 – 1527), an Italian diplomat and political theorist. He served in the Florentine government until the Medici restoration in 1512, and in 1513, wrote his most famous work, ‘The Prince’. (Photo by Archive Photos/Getty Images)

Roman Historian Livy

Engraving depicts the Roman historian Livy (Titus Livius 59 BC – 17 AD) as he writes in a notebook and wears a toga. Livy was born in Patavium (Padua) and was the most important prose writer of the Augustan Age. He is best remembered for his 142 volume ‘History of Rome’ of which only 35 volumes survive. (Kean Collection/Getty Images)